The workshop glossary

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1K (single-component)Consumables

Ready-to-use product that dries simply by evaporation of its solvents or water, with no hardener. Most colour basecoats are 1K.

See also : 2K (two-component), Basecoat

2K (two-component)Consumables

Product that cures through a chemical reaction between two components, the base and a hardener, mixed just before use. A 2K product is harder and more durable than a 1K, but has a limited pot life once activated.

See also : Hardener, Pot life, 1K (single-component)

Humming : 178 301 602

A

AbrasiveBoth ranges

Material that removes material by friction: paper, mesh, non-woven, foam or flaps. It is chosen according to its grit, mineral and backing.

See also : P grade, Aluminium oxide, Ceramic (abrasive)

Humming : ABR-104 ABR-112 ABR-122

Acrylic double-sided tapeConsumables

Double-sided tape with an acrylic foam or film core, for refitting badges, mouldings and exterior accessories.

See also : Eraser wheel

Humming : ACC-117

AdhesionConsumables

The ability of a coat to stay bonded to its substrate or to the previous coat. It depends mainly on preparation: degreasing, sanding with the right grit and using a product suited to the substrate.

See also : Degreasing, Primer, Keying

Air capConsumables

Part at the front of the spray gun that directs air onto the paint stream to atomise it and form the fan pattern. It must be kept spotlessly clean for an even pattern.

See also : Fluid tip, Spray gun, Atomisation

Air releaseConsumables

The ability of a paint film or filler to let air and solvents escape before it sets. Poor air release leaves pinholes or micro-bubbles.

See also : Blistering, Pinhole, Solvent release

Air wedgeEquipment

Air bag inflated with a hand pump and slipped between a door and its frame to open a gap without marking. Handy for paintless dent repair and for getting inside a panel.

See also : PDR (paintless dent repair)

Humming : OUT-109

Aluminium (panels)Both ranges

Lightweight metal increasingly used in car bodies. It is repaired with dedicated tooling, kept separate from steel tooling, to avoid contamination and corrosion.

See also : Weld stud, Capacitor discharge, Self-piercing rivet (SPR)

Humming : HE-D117 HE-D118 HE-D119

Aluminium dent repair stationEquipment

Station that welds studs onto aluminium by capacitor discharge, supplied with the appropriate pulling tools. Aluminium cannot be worked with a steel spotter.

See also : Capacitor discharge, Weld stud, Aluminium (panels)

Humming : HE-D117 HE-D118 HE-D119 HE-D113

Aluminium oxideConsumables

Tough, versatile abrasive mineral, the most widely used for preparation discs. A good balance between cut and service life.

See also : Abrasive, Ceramic (abrasive)

Humming : ABR-104 ABR-112

Angle grinderEquipment

Electric disc tool for cutting, grinding welds and stripping. In bodywork, smaller diameters are preferred as they are easier to handle.

See also : Flap disc

Humming : OUT-102

Anti-static paint suitConsumables

Painter's overalls that don't shed fibres or attract dust through static electricity. It reduces dirt nibs in the film.

See also : PPE, Dirt nib

Humming : EPI-101

Aperture foam tapeConsumables

Self-adhesive foam strip fitted into the door shuts and openings. It stops overspray getting in without leaving a hard edge at the masking line.

See also : Door shut, Masking

Humming : MSQ-120

AtomisationConsumables

The breaking up of paint into fine droplets by the spray gun. Good atomisation gives an even, well-flowed film.

See also : Spray gun, Orange peel

B

Backing plateConsumables

Threaded plate fitted to the rotary polisher, onto which the foam or wool pad is attached.

See also : Rotary polisher, Foam polishing pad

Humming : POL-112

BasecoatConsumables

The coat that provides the colour in a two-coat system. On its own it has neither the gloss nor the durability required, and must be clear coated.

See also : Matt-drying basecoat, Two-coat system, Clear coat

Battery charger/boosterEquipment

Unit that charges a battery and delivers a high boost current to start a vehicle with a weak battery. Workshop models often cover both 12 V and 24 V.

See also : Boost mode

Humming : HE-B401 HE-B402 HE-B403

Blend zoneConsumables

Transition area between the repainted part and the original paint. A blend into the adjacent panel is when the colour is faded into the neighbouring panel and the clear coat is taken out to a natural break line.

See also : Blending

Humming : MSQ-106

BlendingConsumables

Technique of gradually fading a new colour into the original paint to make the repair invisible. Essential on metallic and pearl colours.

See also : Blend zone, Colour

BlisteringConsumables

Small bubbles or blisters in the paint film, caused by trapped solvent or air, moisture or excessive film build. Avoid it by respecting flash-off times and film thicknesses.

See also : Air release, Solvent release, Pinhole

Boost modeEquipment

Function of a battery charger/booster that delivers a very high current for a few seconds to crank the vehicle's starter motor.

See also : Battery charger/booster

Humming : HE-B402 HE-B403

C

Capacitor dischargeEquipment

Welding process that releases the energy stored in capacitors in a few milliseconds. It allows studs to be welded onto aluminium without distorting it or burning through.

See also : Weld stud, Aluminium (panels)

Humming : HE-D117 HE-D118 HE-D119

Carbon electrodeEquipment

Graphite electrode fitted to the spotter to heat the panel locally. It is used for shrinking a stretched area.

See also : Shrinking, Spotter

Humming : HE-D102 HE-A702

CatalystConsumables

Another name commonly used for hardener in workshops. Strictly speaking, a catalyst speeds up a reaction without taking part in it, whereas a hardener reacts with the base.

See also : Hardener, 2K (two-component)

Humming : 301

Ceramic (abrasive)Consumables

Abrasive grain with a microcrystalline structure that renews itself as it fractures. It cuts fast, lasts a long time and needs less pressure than aluminium oxide.

See also : Abrasive, Cut, Aluminium oxide

Humming : ABR-118 ABR-119

Clay barConsumables

Decontamination clay that removes embedded particles from paintwork that washing won't shift: industrial fallout, overspray, tar. It is used with a lubricant, before polishing.

See also : Decontamination, Polishing

Humming : POL-108 POL-111

Clear coatConsumables

Transparent coat applied over the basecoat, which provides gloss and protects the colour from UV, chemicals and scratches.

See also : Two-coat system, UHS, Hardener

Humming : 178

CloggingConsumables

Abrasive becoming loaded with dust or paint, so that it loses its cut. Extraction and mesh abrasives greatly reduce it.

See also : Mesh abrasive, Dust-free sanding

Humming : ABR-117 ABR-118

ColourConsumables

A vehicle's exact colour, identified by the manufacturer's paint code and mixed in the mixing room. It can vary with the vehicle's age and the factory it was built in.

See also : Spray-out card, Mixing scales, Blending

Humming : MEL-115 MEL-116 MEL-119

CompatibilityConsumables

The ability of two products to be used together or one over the other without an unwanted reaction. The safest approach is to stay within the same product system.

See also : Refinish system, Technical data sheet (TDS)

Humming : 178 301 501

Compressed air (quality)Both ranges

Dry air, free of oil and particles, is essential for painting: water and oil cause cratering and blistering. It is treated with filters and separators as close as possible to the spray gun.

See also : Water/oil separator filter, Cratering

Humming : OUT-112 OUT-113

Cordless spotterEquipment

Battery-powered spotter, with no mains cable or earth cable. Very handy for working anywhere on the vehicle.

See also : Spotter, Earth connection

Humming : HE-D121

CrateringConsumables

Small round hole in the paint film, often called a fish eye, caused by contamination: silicone, oil, or water in the compressed air. Thorough degreasing and clean air prevent it.

See also : Degreasing, Compressed air (quality)

Humming : OUT-113

CuringConsumables

Chemical reaction through which a 2K product hardens. It continues for several days after the paint appears dry, and speeds up with heat.

See also : 2K (two-component), Drying

CutConsumables

The ability of an abrasive or polishing compound to remove material. A strong cut works quickly but leaves a deeper scratch, which then needs refining.

See also : Abrasive, Polishing compound

Humming : ABR-119 POL-106

D

De-nibbingConsumables

Very light sanding with a fine grit to remove a dirt nib or small defect before polishing, without cutting through the clear coat.

See also : Dirt nib, Machine polishing, Wet sanding

Humming : ABR-101

DecontaminationConsumables

Deep cleaning of paintwork to remove embedded particles before polishing or painting. After decontamination, the surface feels smooth to the touch.

See also : Clay bar

Humming : POL-108 POL-111

DegreasingConsumables

Cleaning the substrate with a suitable degreaser to remove grease, silicone and fingerprints. It is done before sanding and before every coat, with a clean, lint-free cloth.

See also : Cratering, Adhesion

Humming : PRE-105 PRE-106 PRE-107

Dent repairEquipment

Reshaping a damaged panel, either by pulling from the outside or by pushing from the inside. The aim is to restore the original contour while keeping filler to a minimum.

See also : Spotter, PDR (paintless dent repair), Pulling

Humming : HE-D101 HE-D111 HE-D125

Die-backConsumables

Loss of gloss that appears later on a repaired area, when the clear coat sinks into filler or primer that wasn't dry enough. Prevent it by respecting drying times.

See also : Solvent release, Gloss

Dirt nibConsumables

Speck of dust, fibre or insect trapped in wet paint. It is removed after drying by de-nibbing and polishing.

See also : De-nibbing, Tack rag

Humming : PRE-101

Disposable cup systemConsumables

Cup system with a soft liner that replaces the spray gun's cup. Less cleaning, less solvent, and you can spray in any position.

See also : Spray gun, Paint strainer

Humming : MEL-107 MEL-108

Door shutConsumables

Inner edge of an opening panel or its surround, which is masked to stop overspray getting in.

See also : Aperture foam tape, Masking

Humming : MSQ-120

DryingConsumables

A product changing from liquid to dry, through evaporation and chemical reaction. Drying stages are dust-free, touch-dry and through-dry.

See also : Curing, IR curing

Dust extraction unitEquipment

High-capacity workshop extractor that serves one or more sanding stations. It brings sanders, hoses and abrasives together in one place.

See also : Dust-free sanding, Dust extractor

Humming : HE-P301 HE-P304 HE-P305

Dust extractorEquipment

Extractor connected to the sander that captures dust as it is produced. It usually starts automatically with the tool.

See also : Dust-free sanding, Dust extraction unit

Humming : HE-P302 HE-P303

Dust-free sandingBoth ranges

Sanding with extraction at source, through the sander or the block. It protects the body repairer's health, keeps the workshop clean and extends abrasive life.

See also : Dust extraction unit, Mesh abrasive

Humming : HE-P301 HE-P304 ABR-118 ABR-107

E

Earth connectionEquipment

Connecting the earth cable to the panel, on bare metal and as close as possible to the work area. A poor earth gives weak welds, heats the panel and can mark the bodywork.

See also : Spotter, Cordless spotter

Humming : HE-D101 HE-D121

Eraser wheelConsumables

Rubber wheel fitted to a drill that removes stickers, adhesives and glue residue without damaging the clear coat.

See also : Acrylic double-sided tape

Humming : ACC-116

F

Filler spreaderConsumables

Flexible plastic, rubber or stainless steel blade for picking up, mixing and spreading filler. A clean, undamaged spreader gives a smooth filler finish.

See also : Filler work, Filling knife

Humming : ACC-106 ACC-107 ACC-109

Filler workConsumables

Applying filler to fill the low spots left after dent repair, then sanding to restore the shape. Work in thin layers rather than one thick one.

See also : Polyester body filler, Filler spreader

Humming : 701 ACC-109

FillingConsumables

Filling a low spot or irregularity with filler or a high-build primer, before sanding.

See also : Polyester body filler, High-build filler primer

Humming : 701 602

Filling knifeConsumables

Stainless steel blade with a handle, wider and stiffer than a spreader, for applying and smoothing filler over large areas.

See also : Filler spreader, Filler work

Humming : ACC-113

Filling powerConsumables

The ability of a primer or filler to fill irregularities in one pass. It is linked to solids content.

See also : High-build filler primer, Solids content

Humming : 602

Film thicknessConsumables

Thickness of a dry paint coat, measured in microns. Too thin and it gives poor protection; too thick and it causes runs, blistering and slow drying.

See also : Solids content, Run

Fine line tapeConsumables

Thin, flexible tape, often vinyl, that follows curves and gives very sharp separation lines. Used for stripes, two-tone work and precise cut-outs.

See also : Masking tape, Washi tape

Humming : MSQ-121

Flap discBoth ranges

Disc made of overlapping abrasive flaps, fitted to a grinder. It grinds, deburrs and finishes welds in a single pass.

See also : Angle grinder, Zirconia

Humming : ABR-121

Flash-off timeConsumables

Pause to allow between coats or before drying, to let some of the solvents escape. Also called flash time.

See also : Solvent release, Recoat time

Flow-outConsumables

The ability of a film to level out by itself into a smooth surface after application. Good flow-out limits orange peel and polishing work.

See also : Orange peel, Gloss

Humming : 178

Fluid tipConsumables

The part of the spray gun the paint comes out of, identified by its diameter in millimetres. A smaller tip is used for clear coats and basecoats, a larger one for primers.

See also : Spray gun, Air cap

Humming : MEL-109 MEL-110

Flux-cored wireEquipment

Hollow welding wire filled with flux, which lets you weld without a gas bottle. Handy for repairs on the go, but it needs more cleaning up than gas-shielded MIG.

See also : MIG/MAG

Humming : HE-S204

Foam polishing padConsumables

Foam disc fitted to the polisher, harder or softer depending on the job: firm foam for cutting, soft foam for finishing.

See also : Machine polishing, Holograms, Wool polishing pad

Humming : POL-101 POL-102 POL-103 POL-110

G

Galvanised steelBoth ranges

Steel sheet coated with zinc to protect it from corrosion. With a spotter, use a short, precise weld to preserve as much of the zinc as possible.

See also : Spotter, Primer

Humming : HE-D106 HE-D116

GlossConsumables

The ability of a surface to reflect light like a mirror. It depends on the clear coat, the application, the flow-out and the final polishing.

See also : Flow-out, Clear coat, Machine polishing

Humming : 178

Glue pullingEquipment

PDR technique where a tab is glued onto the dent with hot-melt glue, then pulled with a puller or hammer. The paint is not damaged.

See also : PDR (paintless dent repair), Lever puller

Humming : HE-D125 HE-D127

Graduated mixing cupConsumables

Clear cup marked with graduations for measuring several components by volume. It avoids errors in proportions.

See also : Mixing ratio, Mixing ratio ruler

Humming : MEL-106

Gravity-feed gunConsumables

Spray gun with the cup on top: the paint flows down to the fluid tip under its own weight. It is the most common type in bodyshops.

See also : Spray gun, Suction-feed gun

Humming : MEL-109 MEL-110

Gun washerConsumables

Unit that cleans spray guns in a closed circuit with solvent or cleaner, without stripping them down. It saves time and reduces exposure to fumes.

See also : Spray gun

Humming : OUT-114 ACC-119

H

Hammer and dollyEquipment

The panel beater's basic tools: the dolly is held on one side of the panel and the hammer strikes on the other to planish and reshape it.

See also : Planishing, Dent repair

Humming : OUT-108

HardenerConsumables

Second component of a 2K product, which reacts with the base to form a hard film. It is sensitive to moisture and must be kept tightly sealed.

See also : 2K (two-component), Catalyst, Mixing ratio

Humming : 301

Heat gunEquipment

Hot-air gun that softens paint, adhesives and films so they can be removed. It is also used for local heating, forming or drying.

See also : Stripping

Humming : OUT-110

Heat-affected zone (HAZ)Equipment

The area of metal around a weld whose structure has been altered by heat. The smaller it is, the less the panel distorts and loses its properties.

See also : Laser welding, Pulse mode

Humming : HE-S205 HE-S202

Hiding powerConsumables

The ability of a coat to completely cover the substrate. A basecoat with low hiding power needs more coats; check it on a chequerboard card.

See also : Spray-out card

Humming : MEL-116

High-build filler primerConsumables

Primer with a high solids content that goes on in a thick coat to fill sanding scratches and minor defects. It is then sanded to give a perfectly flat surface.

See also : Primer surfacer, Solids content, Filling power

Humming : 602

HologramsConsumables

Circular marks or an iridescent haze left by poorly finished polishing, visible in direct sunlight. They are removed with a finishing pad and finishing compound.

See also : Machine polishing, Foam polishing pad

Humming : POL-107

HS (high solids)Consumables

High solids product: more material and less solvent than conventional products. It sits below UHS.

See also : UHS, Solids content

HVLPConsumables

High Volume Low Pressure: spray gun technology that atomises with a large volume of air at low pressure. It reduces overspray and puts more product on the panel.

See also : Spray gun, Transfer efficiency

Humming : MEL-109 MEL-111

Hydraulic ramEquipment

Pump-operated ram that pushes or spreads with a force of several tonnes. It is used to straighten or spread body components.

See also : Straightening, Pulling post

Humming : OUT-107 HE-D122 HE-D130

I

Induction heaterEquipment

Tool that heats a metal part without a flame, by induction, to free a seized bolt, nut or stud. Safer than a torch near wiring looms and trim.

See also : Induction heating

Humming : HE-H601 HE-H602

Induction heatingEquipment

Heating a metal part with an alternating magnetic field, which creates currents within the metal itself. The part heats up quickly, with no flame and without heating the tool.

See also : Induction heater

Humming : HE-H601 HE-H602

Interface padConsumables

Foam disc fitted between the sander's backing pad and the abrasive. It protects the backing pad and lets the abrasive follow curves.

See also : Sanding backing pad, Random orbital sander

Humming : ABR-111

Interior protection coversConsumables

Disposable covers for the seats, steering wheel, gear lever and floor, fitted as soon as the vehicle arrives in the workshop.

See also : Masking

Humming : MSQ-116 MSQ-117 MSQ-118

InverterEquipment

Power electronics that replace the heavy transformer in welding machines. The welder is lighter, more stable and more precise in its settings.

See also : MIG/MAG, Synergic welding

Humming : HE-S204

IR curingBoth ranges

Curing a repaired area with infrared radiation, without heating the whole booth. Fast and economical for small and medium repairs.

See also : Short-wave infrared, IR emitter cassette

Humming : HE-L501 HE-L502 HE-L503 HE-L504 OUT-106

IR emitter cassetteEquipment

Emitter module of an IR curing lamp. The number of cassettes determines the area the lamp can cure in one go.

See also : IR curing, Short-wave infrared

Humming : HE-L501 HE-L502 HE-L503 HE-L504

J

JigEquipment

Straightening bench with anchoring points and a measuring system, used for structural damage. Pulling posts can handle many lighter jobs without the car going on the jig.

See also : Pulling post, Straightening

K

KeyingConsumables

Light sanding or scuffing with an abrasive pad to remove the gloss from a surface and give the next coat something to grip.

See also : Non-woven scuff pad, Adhesion

Humming : ABR-102 ABR-103

L

Laser weldingEquipment

Welding with a laser beam from a hand-held torch. It concentrates the energy on a very narrow area, limiting distortion and post-weld rework.

See also : Heat-affected zone (HAZ)

Humming : HE-S205

Lever pullerEquipment

Lever tool that gradually pulls a star, stud or glue tab, with more control than a slide hammer.

See also : Pulling, Weld stud, Pulling bridge

Humming : HE-D127

M

Machine polishingConsumables

Process that restores gloss and depth to a clear coat by removing fine scratches, using a polisher, a compound and a foam pad or wool pad.

See also : Polishing, Polishing compound, Holograms

Humming : POL-104 POL-106 OUT-101

MaskingConsumables

Protecting every surface that mustn't get paint on it: tapes, papers, films and covers. Careful masking is half of a clean finish.

See also : Masking tape, Masking film, Masking paper

Humming : MSQ-101 MSQ-111 MSQ-112

Masking filmConsumables

Thin plastic film for quickly covering large areas. It comes pre-taped, with its own built-in tape, or in large sheets to wrap the whole vehicle.

See also : Masking, Static masking film

Humming : MSQ-111 MSQ-114

Masking paperConsumables

Solvent-resistant paper, used with tape to cover areas that need protecting. It must not shed fibres or let paint through.

See also : Masking, Masking tape

Humming : MSQ-112 MSQ-113 MSQ-115

Masking tapeConsumables

Crêpe paper or washi adhesive tape that defines the masking line and holds papers and films in place. It is chosen according to the drying temperature and how sharp a line you need.

See also : Washi tape, Fine line tape, Masking

Humming : MSQ-101 MSQ-103 MSQ-110

Matt-drying basecoatConsumables

Colour basecoat that dries matt and must always be clear coated. You can tell it by its satin-matt appearance once flashed off, the sign that it is ready for clear.

See also : Basecoat, Two-coat system, Solvent release

Mesh abrasiveBoth ranges

Abrasive on an open mesh backing, so extraction works across the whole surface of the disc. It clogs very little and is ideal for dust-free sanding.

See also : Dust-free sanding, Clogging

Humming : ABR-117 ABR-118

MetallicConsumables

Colour containing aluminium flakes that give a reflection that changes with the viewing angle. Repairing it calls for careful blending.

See also : Blending, Mottling, Pearl

Microfibre clothConsumables

Cloth made of very fine fibres that absorbs well and doesn't scratch paint. It is used for washing, wiping and removing compound residue.

See also : Machine polishing

Humming : POL-109

MIG/MAGEquipment

Arc welding with a continuously fed wire electrode, shielded by gas: inert for MIG (aluminium, stainless steel), active for MAG (steel). It is the basic process for panel work.

See also : Synergic welding, Pulse mode, Flux-cored wire

Humming : HE-S202 HE-S203 HE-S204

Mixing lidConsumables

Agitator lid that fits onto tinting bases so they can be stirred and poured without opening the tin.

See also : Colour, Mixing scales

Humming : MEL-114

Mixing ratioConsumables

The exact proportions of base, hardener and thinner, by volume or by weight. It governs drying, hardness and the durability of the film.

See also : Mixing ratio ruler, Hardener, Technical data sheet (TDS)

Humming : MEL-103 MEL-106 MEL-115

Mixing ratio rulerConsumables

Graduated ruler placed in the mixing cup, showing where to pour up to for each component according to the chosen ratio.

See also : Mixing ratio, Graduated mixing cup

Humming : MEL-103

Mixing scalesConsumables

Precision scales in the paint mixing room, for weighing out a colour formula component by component. More accurate than mixing by volume for small quantities.

See also : Colour, Mixing ratio

Humming : MEL-115

MottlingConsumables

Cloudy, uneven appearance of a metallic or pearl colour, caused by uneven application of the flakes. It is corrected with a well-crossed drop coat.

See also : Metallic, Colour

N

Nitrile glovesConsumables

Latex-free disposable gloves resistant to common solvents. They protect the skin and avoid leaving greasy marks on the substrate.

See also : PPE, Degreasing

Humming : EPI-103

Non-woven scuff padConsumables

Pad made of synthetic fibres loaded with abrasive, which keys the surface without deep scratches and follows any shape. Grey is finer than red.

See also : Keying

Humming : ABR-102 ABR-103

Non-woven wipeConsumables

Lint-free, solvent-resistant synthetic cloth used for degreasing and wiping down before painting.

See also : Degreasing

Humming : PRE-105 PRE-106 ACC-111 ACC-112

O

Orange peelConsumables

Bumpy texture on the painted surface, like orange skin, caused by poor atomisation, viscosity too high or the wrong air pressure. Light orange peel can be corrected by sanding and polishing.

See also : Flow-out, Viscosity, De-nibbing

OrbitEquipment

Offset of a random orbital sander's pad, in millimetres. A small orbit gives fine sanding, a large orbit removes more material.

See also : Random orbital sander

Humming : OUT-103 OUT-104

OT ringEquipment

Metal ring welded to the panel with a spotter, into which the hook of a slide hammer or puller is attached. It lets you pull in the required direction.

See also : Spotter, Slide hammer

Humming : HE-D101 HE-A702

P

P gradeConsumables

Abrasive grit size, according to the FEPA classification. The higher the number, the finer the grit: P80 for heavy stock removal, P400 to P500 before painting, P1500 and above for de-nibbing.

See also : Abrasive, De-nibbing

Humming : ABR-104 ABR-113 ABR-122

Paint strainerConsumables

Disposable strainer through which the product is poured into the cup to catch lumps and impurities. Specific strainers are available for waterborne paints.

See also : Disposable cup system, Waterborne

Humming : MEL-101 MEL-102 MEL-113

PDR (paintless dent repair)Equipment

Technique that reshapes a dent without damaging the paint, using rods that push from the inside or glue pulling from the outside. Ideal for hail damage and minor dings.

See also : Dent repair, Glue pulling

Humming : HE-D125

PearlConsumables

Colour containing mica-based pearlescent pigments that give shifting coloured reflections. Often applied as a three-coat system.

See also : Metallic, Three-coat system

PinholeConsumables

Small hole in the paint or filler film, often caused by a burst air or solvent bubble. It is dealt with using finishing filler or primer before repainting.

See also : Air release, Blistering

PlanishingEquipment

Final smoothing of a repaired panel, with hammer and dolly, to keep the amount of filler needed to a minimum.

See also : Hammer and dolly, Dent repair

Humming : OUT-108

PolishingConsumables

Term often used to mean the same as machine polishing: restoring gloss to paintwork by very fine abrasion. It can also refer to the finishing stage after a heavier cut.

See also : Machine polishing, Polishing compound

Humming : OUT-101 POL-103

Polishing compoundConsumables

Fine abrasive product applied with the polisher to remove sanding scratches and clear coat defects. A cutting compound is followed by a finishing compound.

See also : Machine polishing, Cut

Polyester body fillerConsumables

Two-component filler, mixed with its paste hardener, used to fill low spots in panel work. It hardens quickly and sands easily.

See also : Filler work, Filling

Humming : 701

Pot lifeConsumables

How long a 2K product remains usable after the hardener has been added. It gets shorter as the temperature rises; it is given on the technical data sheet.

See also : 2K (two-component), Hardener, Shelf life

Humming : 178 602

PPEBoth ranges

Personal protective equipment: respirator, gloves, overalls, safety glasses, hearing protection. In painting, respiratory protection is essential with 2K products.

See also : SDS, Respirator

Humming : EPI-101 EPI-102 EPI-103

PrimerConsumables

First coat applied to a bare substrate to provide adhesion and corrosion protection. On bare metal or plastic, choose a primer suited to the substrate.

See also : Primer surfacer, Adhesion

Primer surfacerConsumables

Intermediate coat applied between the prepared substrate and the colour basecoat. It isolates, fills minor imperfections and provides an even, sandable surface.

See also : High-build filler primer, Primer

Humming : 602

PullingEquipment

Reshaping a panel by pulling from the outside, using welded-on points, suction cups or glue, without removing the trim.

See also : Spotter, Pulling post, Glue pulling

Humming : HE-D111 HE-D127 HE-D129

Pulling bridgeEquipment

Bar with adjustable feet placed on the bodywork, which spreads the load while a large area of damage is being pulled.

See also : Pulling, Lever puller

Humming : HE-D128

Pulling postEquipment

Vertical arm fitted with a chain and a winch or ram, for pulling out damage in the required direction. It lets you straighten a door or sill without putting the car on the jig.

See also : Pulling, Jig

Humming : HE-D129 HE-D131 HE-D132

Pulling starEquipment

Small star-shaped metal piece welded to the panel with a spotter, for pulling a precise point with the slide hammer. It is then removed with a simple twist.

See also : Spotter, Slide hammer, Pulling washer

Humming : HE-D101 HE-A702

Pulling washerEquipment

Metal washer welded on with a spotter, used as an attachment point for pulling. Several washers threaded onto a rod let you pull a whole line.

See also : Pulling star, Spotter

Humming : HE-A702

Pulse modeEquipment

MIG welding mode in which the current alternates between a peak and a background level. It puts in less heat, which limits distortion on thin panels and aluminium.

See also : MIG/MAG, Heat-affected zone (HAZ)

Humming : HE-S202

R

Random orbital sanderEquipment

Sander whose pad rotates while also moving in small orbits. This dual action avoids regular circular scratches and gives an even finish.

See also : Orbit, Interface pad

Humming : OUT-103 OUT-104 OUT-105 HE-P306

Recoat timeConsumables

Time to allow before applying a new coat over the previous one. Too short, and solvent gets trapped; too long, and you may have to sand. It is given on the technical data sheet.

See also : Solvent release, Technical data sheet (TDS)

Refinish systemConsumables

Set of products designed to work together: clear coat, hardener, thinner, primer. Staying within the same system ensures predictable results.

See also : Compatibility

Humming : 178 301 501 602 701

RespiratorConsumables

Half-mask or full-face mask fitted with filter cartridges suitable for organic vapours and particles. Cartridges wear out and must be replaced regularly.

See also : PPE, SDS

Humming : EPI-102

Rotary polisherEquipment

Machine whose pad rotates around a fixed axis. It cuts quickly but takes skill to avoid overheating or marking the clear coat.

See also : Machine polishing, Backing plate

Humming : OUT-101

RunConsumables

Defect where paint flows down a vertical surface and forms a drip or a curtain (sag). It comes from an over-wet coat, an over-thinned product or holding the gun too close.

See also : Viscosity, Film thickness

S

SandingBoth ranges

Abrading a surface to shape it, smooth it or give it a key. Work from the coarsest grit to the finest without skipping too many steps.

See also : P grade, Abrasive, Dust-free sanding

Humming : ABR-104 OUT-103

Sanding backing padBoth ranges

Round pad fitted to the sander, onto which the abrasive is attached with hook-and-loop. It is perforated to let the extraction through.

See also : Interface pad, Random orbital sander

Humming : ACC-110

Sanding blockConsumables

Rigid or flexible block to which the abrasive is attached for hand sanding. A hard block gives a flat surface; a flexible block follows curves.

See also : Sanding, Abrasive

Humming : ABR-105 ABR-109 ABR-110

SDSBoth ranges

Safety data sheet: regulatory document describing a product's hazards, the protection to wear, storage and what to do in the event of an accident. Read it before first use.

See also : Technical data sheet (TDS), PPE

Seam sealerConsumables

Flexible product applied to panel joints, hems and sills to keep water out and reproduce the original appearance.

See also : Seam sealer brush

Humming : ACC-115

Seam sealer brushConsumables

Stiff-bristled brush for applying and texturing seam sealers and underbody protection.

See also : Seam sealer

Humming : ACC-115

Self-piercing rivet (SPR)Equipment

Rivet that pierces and joins the panels in one operation, without pre-drilling. Widely used on aluminium bodies, it requires a dedicated setting and removal tool.

See also : Aluminium (panels)

Humming : HE-A701

Shelf lifeConsumables

How long a product keeps its properties in its sealed original packaging, if stored correctly. It is given on the technical data sheet.

See also : Technical data sheet (TDS), Pot life

Short-wave infraredEquipment

Infrared radiation that passes through the paint film and heats the substrate first, so it cures from the inside out. It cures faster than hot-air heating.

See also : IR curing, IR emitter cassette

Humming : HE-L501 HE-L504

ShrinkingEquipment

Process that tightens a stretched panel by heating it locally then cooling it. With a spotter, it is done with a carbon electrode or a shrinking tip.

See also : Carbon electrode, Spotter

Humming : HE-D101 HE-D102

Silicon carbideConsumables

Very hard, sharp abrasive mineral, used mainly for fine grits and wet sanding. It leaves a fine, even scratch pattern.

See also : Wet sanding, De-nibbing

Humming : ABR-101

Single-phase / three-phaseEquipment

Types of electrical supply: 220-230 V single-phase from a standard socket, 380-400 V three-phase for high-power machines. Check the machine's product sheet before installing it.

See also : Technical data sheet (TDS)

Humming : HE-D115 HE-B402

Single-stageConsumables

Finish where a single coat provides both colour and gloss, with no clear coat. Common on older solid colours and commercial vehicles.

See also : Two-coat system

Slide hammerEquipment

Weight that slides along a shaft and is struck against a stop to pull the panel out in sharp jerks. It is attached to a star, a ring or a suction cup.

See also : Pulling star, OT ring, Suction cup dent puller

Humming : HE-D126 HE-D124

Solids contentConsumables

The proportion of the product that stays on the panel once the solvents have evaporated, expressed by weight or by volume. The higher it is, the more material you lay down with less solvent.

See also : UHS, HS (high solids), VOC

Humming : 178 602

Solvent releaseConsumables

Evaporation of the solvents in a freshly applied paint film, between coats and before drying. Allowing for it prevents blistering, die-back and runs.

See also : Flash-off time, Blistering, Die-back

Solvent-borneConsumables

Describes a product whose solvents are organic rather than water. Modern solvent-borne products stay within VOC limits thanks to a high solids content.

See also : Waterborne, VOC, UHS

Spot welderEquipment

Resistance welding machine whose electrodes clamp the two panels from either side. Current and time settings depend on panel thickness.

See also : Spot welding

Humming : HE-S201

Spot weldingEquipment

Joining two panels by localised fusion, clamping them between two electrodes through which a high current passes. It reproduces factory spot welds.

See also : Spot welder

Humming : HE-S201

SpotterEquipment

Single-electrode resistance welder that temporarily welds stars, washers, rings or studs onto steel panels so they can be pulled from the outside. It is also used for shrinking.

See also : Pulling star, Earth connection, Shrinking

Humming : HE-D101 HE-D106 HE-D115

Spray boothConsumables

Enclosed, ventilated room with filtered air where paint is applied and dried. It protects the painter and keeps dust out of the paint film.

See also : Drying, Dirt nib

Spray gunConsumables

Air tool that atomises paint into fine droplets. It is set using three parameters: fluid flow, fan width and air pressure.

See also : HVLP, Fluid tip, Gravity-feed gun

Humming : MEL-109 MEL-110 MEL-111

Spray-out cardConsumables

Metal card that the colour is sprayed onto to compare it with the vehicle before painting. The black and white chequerboard also lets you check hiding power.

See also : Colour, Hiding power

Humming : MEL-116

Static masking filmConsumables

Masking film that clings to the bodywork by itself through static electricity. It stays in place without tape and holds onto dust.

See also : Masking film

Humming : MSQ-114

StraighteningEquipment

Pulling or pushing structural parts or panels that have been deformed by an impact back into position.

See also : Hydraulic ram, Pulling post, Jig

Humming : OUT-107 HE-D122

StrippingBoth ranges

Complete removal of paint, rust or an old coating back to bare metal. It is done with a disc, with heat or by blasting.

See also : Heat gun, Flap disc

Humming : ABR-120 OUT-110

SubstrateConsumables

The surface a product is applied to: steel, galvanised steel, aluminium, plastic, existing paint. Each substrate needs its own preparation.

See also : Primer, Adhesion

Suction cup dent pullerEquipment

Vacuum suction cup that attaches to the panel with no welding or glue, for pulling out soft, shallow dents over a wide area.

See also : Slide hammer, Pulling

Humming : HE-D124 HE-D132

Suction-feed gunConsumables

Spray gun with the cup underneath: the paint is drawn up by vacuum. Suited to large quantities and thick products.

See also : Gravity-feed gun, Spray gun

Humming : MEL-110 MEL-111

Synergic weldingEquipment

MIG welder setting mode in which you select the material, wire diameter and thickness, and the welder adjusts the voltage and wire feed speed itself.

See also : MIG/MAG, Inverter

Humming : HE-S202 HE-S203 HE-S204

T

Tack clothConsumables

Another name for a tack rag, widely used in workshops.

See also : Tack rag

Humming : PRE-101 PRE-103

Tack ragConsumables

Slightly sticky cloth wiped over the surface just before application to remove the last traces of dust. Use it without pressing down so as not to leave any residue. Also called a tack cloth.

See also : Tack cloth, Dirt nib

Humming : PRE-101 PRE-102 PRE-104

Technical data sheet (TDS)Both ranges

Document giving a product's conditions of use: mixing ratio, thinning, settings, drying times, shelf life. For a machine, it sets out the specifications and power supply.

See also : SDS, Mixing ratio

ThinnerConsumables

Solvent added to a product to adjust its viscosity for application. It must be compatible with the product and suited to the workshop temperature.

See also : Viscosity, Thinning rate

Humming : 501

Thinning rateConsumables

Amount of thinner added to a product, as a percentage. It is adjusted according to temperature and repair size, within the limits on the technical data sheet.

See also : Thinner, Viscosity

Humming : 501

Three-coat systemConsumables

Three-coat finishing system: a ground coat, a pearl or tinted mid-coat, then the clear coat. Found on some pearl colours.

See also : Two-coat system, Pearl

Touch-upConsumables

Spot repair of a stone chip or scratch with a brush, pen or aerosol, without repainting the panel.

See also : Touch-up aerosol, Colour

Humming : MEL-117 MEL-118

Touch-up aerosolBoth ranges

Aerosol can filled with the vehicle's exact colour, for small touch-ups without getting the spray gun out. The workshop can fill it itself from its own mixed colour.

See also : Touch-up, Colour

Humming : OUT-111

Transfer efficiencyConsumables

The proportion of sprayed paint that actually lands on the panel. The higher it is, the less product is lost as overspray.

See also : HVLP

Humming : MEL-109

Transformer spotterEquipment

Spotter powered by a heavy transformer. Robust and powerful, it is often trolley-mounted.

See also : Spotter, Inverter

Humming : HE-D115

Trim clipEquipment

Plastic clip that holds trim panels, mouldings, bumpers and wheel arch liners. They often break during removal, so it pays to keep an assortment to hand.

Humming : ACC-120

Two-coat systemConsumables

Two-stage finishing system: a basecoat that gives the colour, then a clear coat that provides gloss and protection. It is the standard on modern vehicles.

See also : Basecoat, Clear coat, Single-stage

Humming : 178

U

UHSConsumables

Ultra High Solids: product with a very high solids content. It lays down a lot of material in few coats, with less solvent, which helps stay within VOC limits.

See also : Solids content, VOC, HS (high solids)

Humming : 178

Underbody coating gunConsumables

Air gun that sprays thick underbody protection products from a cartridge. Some models can also be used for blasting and blowing.

See also : Seam sealer

Humming : MEL-112

V

ViscosityConsumables

A liquid's resistance to flow. It is adjusted with thinner for good atomisation, and sometimes checked with a viscosity cup.

See also : Thinner, Thinning rate, Run

Humming : 501

VOCConsumables

Volatile organic compounds: the solvents that evaporate from paints, clear coats and thinners. Their content in vehicle refinishing products is limited by European regulations (Directive 2004/42/EC).

See also : UHS, Waterborne, Solvent-borne

Humming : 178

W

Washi tapeConsumables

Masking tape made of thin, smooth Japanese paper, which gives a clean line and peels off without residue.

See also : Masking tape, Fine line tape

Humming : MSQ-102 MSQ-106 MSQ-107 MSQ-108

Water/oil separator filterBoth ranges

Filter fitted to the compressed air line that removes water, oil and particles. Essential upstream of a spray gun.

See also : Compressed air (quality), Cratering

Humming : OUT-112 OUT-113

WaterborneConsumables

Paint whose main solvent is water. It gives off fewer VOCs but needs dry, moving air to dry properly.

See also : VOC, Solvent-borne

Humming : MEL-102

Weld studEquipment

Threaded stud welded onto the panel so the pulling tool can be attached. On aluminium, M4 to M6 studs are welded by capacitor discharge.

See also : Capacitor discharge, Lever puller

Humming : HE-D113 HE-D117 HE-D118

Wet sandingConsumables

Hand sanding with water, which lubricates the abrasive and carries away the residue. It gives a very fine scratch and is mainly used for de-nibbing.

See also : De-nibbing, Silicon carbide

Humming : ABR-101 ABR-108

Wiggle wireEquipment

Wavy metal wire welded with the spotter along a crease or edge. It lets you pull a whole line in one go, on a wheel arch for example.

See also : Spotter, Pulling

Humming : HE-D101 HE-A702

Wool polishing padConsumables

Wool disc fitted to the polisher, which cuts harder than a foam pad. It is used to remove de-nibbing scratches quickly.

See also : Machine polishing, Foam polishing pad

Humming : POL-104 POL-105

Z

ZirconiaConsumables

Very tough abrasive mineral, used on flap discs and for grinding. It keeps its cut for a long time under heavy pressure.

See also : Flap disc

Humming : ABR-121